لیست کلمات انگلیسی که ریشه فارسی دارد.List of English words of Persian origin3
R
- Rank
- from Persian رنگ rang meaning "color", as the Sassanid army was ranked and dressed by color[281]
- roc
- from Persian رخ rukh (name of a legendary bird)
- rook
- from Middle English rok, from Middle French roc, from Arabic روخ rukh, from Persian رخ rukh (=chess piece)[282]
- rose
- from Latin rosa, probably from ancient Greek ῥόδον rhodon, possibly ult. from Pers. وارده *varda-.[283][284]
- Roxanne[disambiguation needed]
- fem. proper name, from Fr. Roxane, from L. Roxane, from Gk. Ρωξάνη Rhoxane, of Pers. origin (cf. Avestan راوُخشنه raoxšna- "shining, bright").[285]
S
- Sabzi
- Etymology: Hindi सब्ज़ sabz, literally, greenness, from Persian: سَبز sæbz, a green vegetable.[286]
- Saffian
- Etymology: Russian сафьян saf'yan, from Turkish sahtiyan, from Persian ساختین sakhtiyn goatskin, from sakht hard, strong. a leather made of goatskins or sheepskins tanned with sumac and dyed with bright colors.[287]
- Samosa
- Etymology: Hindi समोसा samosa from Persian سمبوسه sambusa. a small triangular pastry filled with spiced meat or vegetables and fried in ghee or oil[288]
- Sandal
- Etymology: Arabic صندل sandal, from Persian صندل sandal skiff.[289]
- Saoshyant
- Etymology: Avestan, savior. one of three deliverers of later Zoroastrian eschatology appearing at thousand year intervals and each inaugurating a new order of things and a special period of human progress.[290]
- Sapindales
- from Persian Spand (اسپند)
- Sarangousty
- Etymology: Persian سرانگشتی sar-angushti thin paste for painting the tips of fingers, from سر انگشت sar-e angosht, "fingertip", سر sar "head" + انگشت angosht "finger", "toe". stucco made waterproof for protection against dampness.[291]
- Sard from Persian زرد zard.
- Sarod
- Etymology: Hindi सरोद sarod, from Persian: سرود.[292]
- Sarwan
- Etymology: Persian ساربان saarbaan. a camel driver.[293]
- Satrap
- governor of a province of ancient Persia, from Latin satrapes, from Greek σατράπης satrapes, from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 kshathrapavan-, lit. "guardian of the realm,"[294]
- scarlet
- from Pers. سقرلات saqerlât "a type of red cloth". a rich cloth of bright color. a vivid red that is yellower and slightly paler than apple red[295]
- Scimitar
- Etymology: Middle French cimeterre, from Old Italian scimitarra, perhaps from Persian شمشیر shamshir. a type of blade.[296]
- Sebesten
- Etymology: Middle English, Medieval Latin sebestēn, from Arabic سيبيستين sibistn, from Persian سگپیستان segpistan. an East Indian tree (Cordia myxa) with white flowers in loose terminal panicles.[297]
- Seer
- Etymology: Hindi सेर ser; perhaps akin to Persian سیر seer. a unit of weight.[298]
- Seerpaw
- Etymology: سر Sar(head)+پا paa(feet). head to foot.[299]
- Seersucker
- Pers. شیر و سکر shir o shakkar "striped cloth," lit. "milk and sugar".[300] Also from Sanskrit क्षीरशर्करा (kshirsharkara), or milk-sugar."[301]
- Sepoy
- Etymology: modification of Portuguese sipai, sipaio, from Hindi सिपाह sipah, from Persian سپاهی Sipahi, horseman, soldier of the cavalry, from sipah army. a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power; especially: one serving in the British army.[302]
- Serai
- Etymology: from Persian سرای saraay, palace, mansion, inn.[303]
- Seraglio
- from سرای sarây "inn"[304]
- Serang
- Etymology: Persian سرهنگ sarhang commander, boatswain, from سر sar chief + هنگ hang authority. boatswain. the skipper of a small boat.[305]
- Serdab
- Persian سرداب sardab ice cellar, from سرد sard cold + آب ab water. a living room in the basement of a house in the Near East that provides coolness during the summer months[306]
- Serendipity
- from the Persian fairy tale The Three Princes of Serendip سه شاهزادهى سرانديپ, from Persian Sarandip سرانديپ(="Sri Lanka"),
- Sesban
- Etymology: French, from Arabic سيسبان saisabaan, from Persian سیسبان sisabaan. Either of two East Indian plants of the genus Sesbania (S. aculeata and S. aegyptiaca).[307]
- Setwall
- Etymology: from Persian زادور zaadwar.[308]
- Shabundar/Shabandar
- Etymology: From Persian شهباندار shahbandar, from شاه shah King + بندر bandar city, harbor.[309]
- Shah
- Etymology: from شاه shāh, from Old Persian 𐏋 χšāyaþiya (="king"), from an Old Persian verb meaning "to rule"[310]
- Shahi
- Etymology: Persian شاهی shahi. a former Persian unit of value equal to 1/20 silver kran; also: a corresponding coin of silver or copper or nickel[311]
- Shahidi
- Etymology: Arabic شهيد Shahid (one who bears witness) + Persian suffix ی i.[312]
- Shahin
- Etymology: Persian شاهین Shahin (Falcon). an Indian falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinator) having the underparts of a plain unbarred ferruginous color, being related to the peregrine falcon, and used in falconry[313]
- Shahzada
- Etymology: Hindi शाह-जादा shah-zada, from Persian, from شاه shah king + زاده zada son. The son of a Shah.[314]
- Shamiana
- Etymology: Hindi शामियाना shamiyana, from Persian شامیانه shamyanah. a cloth canopy[315]
- Shawl
- Etymology: from Persian شال shāl.[316]
- Sherristar
- Etymology: from Hindi सर्रिश्ताद्र sarrishtadr, from Persian سررشته sarrishta(sarreshteh) record office + دار daar having. Registrar.[317]
- Sherry
- According to one theory, it is from Jerez in Spain, which itself comes from Pers شیراز Shiraz during the time of Rustamid empire in Spain.[318] The theory is also mentioned by Professor. T.B. Irving in one of his book reviews[319]
- Sherryvallies
- Etymology: modification of Polish szarawary, from Russian шаравары sharavary, from Greek σαρβαρα sarabara loose trousers, probably of Iranian origin; akin to Persian شلوار shalwar, shulwar loose trousers. overalls or protective leggings of thick cloth or leather formerly worn for riding on horseback[320]
- Shikar
- Etymology: Hindi सीकर sikar, from Persian شکار shikaar, Middle Persian شکار shkaar. The word means hunting.[321]
- Shikargah
- Etymology: Hindi सिकारगाह sikaargaah, from Persian شیکرگاه shikrgaah, from shikaar hunting + -gah place. A game preserve.[322]
- Shikari
- Etymology: From Persian شکار Shikar+Persian suffix ی (i) denoting possession. a big game hunter.[323]
- Shikasta
- Etymology: Persian شکسته shikasta broken, from shikastan شكستن to break, from Middle Persian shikastan.[324]
- Shikra
- Etymology: from Persian شکرا shikara bird trained to hunt. a small Indian hawk (Accipiter badius) sometimes used in falconry.[325]
- Simurgh
- Etymology: from Pers. سیمرغ simurgh, from Pahlavi sin "eagle" + murgh "bird." Cf. Avestan saeno merego "eagle," Skt. syenah "eagle," Arm. ցին cin "kite.". a supernatural bird, rational and ancient, in Pers. mythology.[326]
- Sipahis
- See Spahi and Sepoy.
- Sircar
- Etymology: Hindi सरकार sarkaar, from Persian سرکار sarkaar. a district or province in India under the Mogul empire. the supreme authority. used also as a title of respect. in Bengal a domestic servant having the functions of a steward.[327]
- Sitar
- Etymology: via Hindi सितार sitar, from Pers. ستار sitar "three-stringed," from sih/she "three" (O.Pers. thri-) + Persian. tar "string". an Indo-Iranian lute with a long broad neck and a varying number of strings whose various forms are used in Iran, Afghanistana and the Indian subcontinent.[328]
- Softa
- Etymology: Turkish, from Persian سوخته sukhtah burnt, kindled (with love of knowledge).[329]
- Sogdian
- Etymology: Latin sogdianus, from Old Persian Sughuda. of, relating to, or characteristic of ancient Sogdiana.[330]
- Soorki
- : Etymology: Hindi सुर्ख surkh, from Persian سرخ surkh, literally, redness, from surkh red, from Middle Persian سخر sukhr; akin to Avestan suXra- bright, Sanskrit sukra[331]
- Sowar
- Etymology: Persian صور suwar rider, from Middle Persian asbar, aspwar, from Old Persian asabra- horseman, from asa- horse + -bra- carried by, rider. a mounted orderly. Lancer.[332]
- Spahi
- Etymology: Middle French spahi, from Turkish sipahi, from Persian سپاه from Pahlavi spāh, from Old Persian taxma spāda, from Avestan spādha, meaning army, military. one of a corps of Algerian native cavalry in the French army normally serving in Africa. one of a corps of largely irregular Turkish cavalry disbanded after the suppression of the Janissaries in 1826.[333][334]
- Spinach
- Etymology: Middle French espinache, espinage, from Old Spanish espinaca, from Arabic يسبناخ, يسفينآخ isbnakh, isfinaakh, from Persian اسپاخ aspanakh.[335]
- Squinch
- Etymology: Persian سه+کنج=) سکنج) (pronounced sekonj)—A squinch in architecture is a construction filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a base to receive an octagonal or spherical dome. A later solution of this structural problem was provided by the pendentive. The squinch was invented in Iran. It was used in the Middle East in both eastern Romanesque and Islamic architecture. It remained a feature of Islamic architecture, especially in Iran, and was often covered by corbelled stalactite-like structures known as muqarnas.
- -Stan
- ـستان;meaning "land" or "country", source of place names such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, etc., from Pers. -stan "country," from Indo-Iranian *stanam "place," lit. "where one stands,"[336]
- Subahdar
- Etymology: Persian سبادار subadar, from suba province + -dar having, holding, from Old Persian dar- to hold. the chief native officer of a native company in the former British Indian army having a position about equivalent to that of captain[337]
- Sugar
- Etymology: The word is Sanskrit which is an Indo-Iranian language of the Indo-Aryan branch but Persian played a role in transmitting it. Middle English sugre, sucre, from Anglo-French sucre, from Medieval Latin saccharum, from Old Italian zucchero, from Arabic sukkar, from Pahlavi shakar, ultimately from Sanskrit sarkara[334][338]
- Suclat
- Etymology: Hindi सुकला suqlaa, from Persian سقلات saqalaat a rich cloth. In India any of various woolens; specifically European broadcloth.[339]
- Surma
- Etymology: Persian سرما Surma. native antimony sulfide used in India to darken the eyelids.[340]
- Surnay
- Etymology: Persian سرنای Surnaay. a Middle Eastern and Central Asian oboe.[341]
- syagush
- Persian سیاه-گوش siyah-gush, literally, black ear. Caracal.[342]
- Samosa
- Etymology: Hindi समोसा samos & Urdu سموسہ، سمبسا samosa, sambsa, from Persian سنبوسه sambusa.[343]
T
- Tabasheer
- Etymology: Hindi तब्श्र tabshr, from Persian. a siliceous concretion in the joints of the bamboo valued in the East Indies as a medicine.[344]
- Tabor
- Etymology: Middle English tabur, from Welsh Tabwrdd and Old French tabour/tabur, alteration of tambur. See tambour.[345]
- Taffeta
- Etymology: from Persian تافته taftah meaning woven.[346]
- Tahsildar
- Etymology: Hindi तहसीलदार tahsildar, from Persian تحصیلدار, from Arabic تحصيل tahsil + Persian در -dar. a revenue officer in India.[347]
- Taj
- Etymology: Arabic تاج taj, from Persian تاج taj, crown, crest, cap. a cap worn in Muslim countries; especially: a tall cone-shaped cap worn by dervishes.[348]
- Taj Mahal
- from Persian: تاج محل, lit. "the best of buildings;" or "the Crown's Place".
- Tajikistan
- تاجیکستان; Tajik combined with Persian suffix -stan.[349] Literally meaning "Land of Tajiks" in Persian.
- Talc
- from Pers. تالک talk "talc."
- Tambour
- Etymology: French, drum, from Middle French, from Arabic طنبور tanbur, modification (influenced by tunbur, a lute) of Persian تعبیر tabir.[350]
- Tambourine
- See above.
- Tanbur
- Etymology: Persian تمبر Tambur.[351]
- Tangi
- Etymology: Persian تنگی Tangi. a narrow gorge[352]
- Tandoori
- from تنور tannur "oven, portable furnace,"+Persian suffix i.
- Tapestry
- probably from an Iranian source (cf. Pers. تفتان، تابیدن taftan, tabidan "to turn, twist").[353]
- Tar
- Etymology: Persian: تار. An oriental lute.[354]
- Tarazet
- from (Shahin-e Tarazu) شاهین ترازو
- Tass
- Etymology: Middle French tasse, from Arabic طعس/تصح tass, tassah, from Persian تست tast. a drinking cup or bowl.[355]
- Tebbad
- Etymology: perhaps from Persian تاب tab fever + باد bad wind, from Middle Persian vat; akin to Avestan vata- wind, Sanskrit वत vata.[356]
- Temacha
- Etymology: Persian تاماخرا tamakhra joke, humor. a Persian comic or farcical interlude performed by traveling players.[357]
- Thanadar
- Etymology: Hindi थंडर thandar, from تهان than + Persian در -dar having. the chief officer of a thana.[358]
- Tiara
- via Latin tiara from Persian تاره tara
- Timar
- Etymology: Turkish timar attendance, care, timar, from Persian تمر tmr sorrow, care. a Turkish fief formerly held under condition of military service.[359]
- Tiger
- via Greek Τίγρις tigris from an Iranian source
- Tigris
- From Middle Persian تیگر Tigr "arrow", originally from Old Persian 𒋾𒂵𒊏 Tigra "pointed" or "sharp"
- Toque
- from O. Pers. طاق taq "veil, shawl."
- Tranky
- Etymology: Persian dialect ترانکی tranki. an undecked bark used in the Persian gulf.[360]
- Trehala
- Etymology: probably from French tréhala, from Turkish tgala, from Persian تیغال tighal.[361]
- Tulip
- Etymology: any of various plants belonging to the genus Tulipa. from French tulipe, from Persian دلبند dulband.[362]
- Turan
- from Persian توران
- Turanian
- Etymology: Persian توران Turan ترکستان Turkistan (literally: "Land of the Turks"), the region north of the Oxus + English -ian. A member of any of the peoples of Ural-Altaic stock.[363]
- Turanite
- Etymology: from Persian توران Turan + Russian -it' -ite. a basic vanadate of copper prob. Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4.[364]
- Turanose
- Etymology: German turanos, from Persian توران Turan + German -os -ose; obtained by the partial hydrolysis of melezitose; 3-α-glucosyl-fructose[365]
- Turban
- from Persian دلبند dulband Band = To close, To tie.[366]
- Turkmenistan
- ترکمنستان; Turkmen combined with Persian suffix ـستان -stan.[349] Literally meaning "Land of Turkmens" in Persian.
- Typhoon
- Etymology: via Chinese 大风/大風, Hindi दफुं, Arabic طوفان, and Ancient Greek τυφῶν; ultimately from Persian word Toofaan (طوفان)
U
- Uzbekistan
- ازبکستان; Uzbek combined with Persian suffix ـستان -stan.[349] Literally meaning "Land of Uzbeks" in Persian.
V
- Vispered
- Avestan vispa ratavo meaning all the lords. one of the supplementary ritual texts included in the Avestan sacred writings.[367]
- vizier
- وزير etymology disputed; general references often derive it from Arabic وزير wazir, "viceroy", lit. "one who bears (the burden of office)", lit. "porter, carrier", from Arabic وزارة wazara, "he carried". However, Jared S. Klein derives it from Middle Persian وهر vichir, from Avestan vicira, "arbitrator, judge".
X
- Xerxes
- Gk. form (Ξέρξης) of O. Pers. 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 Kshayarshan-, lit. "male (i.e. 'hero') among kings," from Kshaya- "king" (cf. shah) + arshan "male, man."
Y
- Yarak
- Etymology: From Persian یارِگی yaraki power, strength. good flying condition: FETTLE – used of a hawk or other bird used in hunting eagles ... are difficult to get into yarak – Douglas Carruthers.[368]
- Yasht
- Modern Persian یشت from Avesta. Avestan yashtay adoration. one of the hymns to angels or lesser divinities forming part of the Avesta[369]
.
Z
- Zamindar
- Etymology: zamindar, from Persian, from زمین zamin land + دار -dar holder meaning "Possessor of real estate" in Persian. A collector of revenues from the cultivators of the land of a specified district for the government of India during the period of Muslim rule[371]
- Zamindari
- Etymology: from Persian, from زمیندار zamindar.[372]
- Zanza
- Etymology: Arabic سنج sanj castanets, cymbals, from Persian سنج sanj. an African musical instrument consisting of graduated sets of tongues of wood or metal inserted into and resonated by a wooden box and sounded by plucking with the fingers or thumbs.[373]
- Zarathushtra or Zarathustra
- the Persian prophet
- Zedoary
- Etymology: Middle English zeduarie, from Medieval Latin zeduria, from Arabic زادور zadwr, from Persian. an East Indian drug consisting of the rhizome of either of two species of curcuma, Curcuma zedoaria or C. aromatica, used as a stimulant.[374]
- Zenana
- Etymology: From Persian زن zan woman. The literal meaning is Women-related. The part of a dwelling in which the women of a family are secluded in India and Persian.[375]
- Zena
- feminine given name from Persian زن Zan (woman).
- Zerda
- Etymology: Arabic زيرداو zerdaw, probably of Persian origin. Fennec.[376]
- Zircon
- Via German Zirkon and Arabic ئشقنعى zarkûn; ultimately from Persian زرگون zargun, "gold-colored" or from Syriac ܙܐܪܓܥܢܥ Zargono.[377]
- Zirconate
- zircon + the suffix -ate, from Latin -atus
- Zirconia
- zircon + the New Latin -ia suffix
- Zirconium
- zircon + the New Latin suffix -ium
- Zoroaster
- from Persian Zarathushtra
- Zoroastrianism
- The religion brought forth by Zoroaster.
- Zumbooruk
- from Persian زنبوره zanburah.[378]
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