Glossary of English Grammar Terms
This glossary of English grammar terms relates to the English language. Some terms here may have additional or extended meanings when applied to other languages. For example, "case" in some languages applies to pronouns and nouns. In English, nouns do not have case and therefore no reference to nouns is made in its definition here.
| Term | Definition |
| active voice | one of two voices in English; a direct form of expression where the subject performs or "acts" the verb; see also passive voice eg: "Many people eat rice" |
| adjective | part of speech that typically describes or "modifies" a noun eg: "It was a big dog." |
| adjective clause | seldom-used term for relative clause |
| adjunct | word or phrase that adds information to a sentence and that can be removed from the sentence without making the sentence ungrammatical eg: I met John at school. |
| adverb | word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb eg: quickly, really, very |
| adverbial clause | dependent clause that acts like an adverb and indicates such things as time, place or reason eg: Although we are getting older, we grow more beautiful each day. |
| affirmative | statement that expresses (or claims to express) a truth or "yes" meaning; opposite of negative eg: The sun is hot. |
| affix | language unit (morpheme) that occurs before or after (or sometimes within) the root or stem of a word eg: un- in unhappy (prefix), -ness in happiness (suffix) |
| agreement (also known as "concord") | logical (in a grammatical sense) links between words based on tense, case or number eg: this phone, these phones |
| antecedent | word, phrase or clause that is replaced by a pronoun (or other substitute) when mentioned subsequently (in the same sentence or later) eg: "Emily is nice because she brings me flowers." |
| appositive | noun phrase that re-identifies or describes its neighbouring noun eg: "Canada, a multicultural country, is recognized by its maple leaf flag." |
| article | determiner that introduces a noun phrase as definite (the) or indefinite (a/an) |
| aspect | feature of some verb forms that relates to duration or completion of time; verbs can have no aspect (simple), or can have continuous or progressive aspect (expressing duration), or have perfect or perfective aspect (expressing completion) |
| auxiliary verb (also called "helping verb") | verb used with the main verb to help indicate something such as tense or voice eg: I do not like you. She has finished. He can swim. |
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